P*!$Y+_ef%^D!3nV6U\&5`3$P/KYnCc?nS0F:]Q=h6_!0&bne"/685nVrSrDgGm[u9KCSf+0bTIln4,BDODB;Q7`7UDrFse(lT)i;ZW=V[5;;ip^HIO," >> 7iSS2[%K,'[Pob@C%-TEaW/+;"!$p?7\VG!RT>8r8j1T&lO8Q[OhF,^u4 /Rect [ 15.04687 908.94131 87.14646 923.04785 ] &p/,XG%P'tU]>kSGlp\cj)L8g=,IUKe%>\dNF[jB%=!I=->=^<1ie_c;1-Ap6,mV: E2.I[rNB/qY6KSN-C"88&q$/Cm(EU^$kW~> 353 0 obj `?32dBWPB?kWLG(Q908*T*JXS>g>K]<331L2`5Y3pO9:&$J/JT,[/njT?bADVP)G,e$l%i&^lh-k39R]Fj[3rF8,Bg',Dr6fegUcV^f4?) LUZN7#p6T#L&,O@EIJZql2)9e76Vd49!mPOS76:NVP=boAZKqdpL4Ba&VjB*g;6DT ms"fnr=@6T!1ohd0Yk&?N@Ifm/aYlnRfE_KW&8#36r)hh!. endstream 428 0 obj endobj Qf6&2(#EdS0UlX^_X+5S(!^H^(=%ERbIA6fb;82GjB^gUnCR0U$W[RK/I78NM]p7L 325 0 obj ?=M4GA`N_c//4S01=U[:!J3V8FcZ5:qohL5:kT`b[>?G>F1H+:U )h`\F!7]%Mg&~> go*pu+?+c2XZuR[q:/gbpo]uA2/k!UGl?_sgb&nG0_HlT4W-#Y0bDYmiq4IU>>[Cj0=5H! /Encoding 408 0 R /FontBBox [ -166 -250 994 958 ] /Type /Font /ItalicAngle 0 >> 574 519 537 574 463 426 612 574 242 315 240 407 778 612 612 481 icE&)nP/YhjQdSI#hd'0iJ1!uP@=\=]51;)3uDoMPi&mF[ljpbr=[Dkk@2\BY+qZ( _E$HQ57!j3rRm4-g(.h0T%i!aWK-G/c[Pj5M#! E1r!/,*0[*9.aFIR2&b-C#soRZ7Dl%MLY\. cMLVec`3M]=#oMF:.c7I)k2UH5*Q\?KGs)p/9&>&jH7reTslEZVb@PjBM(@L3rKtkgfJhbtm@eYPK\q_'q\M)+:u! endobj endstream 574 519 537 574 463 426 612 574 242 315 240 407 778 612 612 481 D5jb]`nIoP;9fF3/t? ;9HXHh#5Tk0_r\_:p-;D+'j4>m?ZSOuI pSYgH`c([Y+7.mmJ1ZS65>MVVr+H/>+MQ&!R*5?\SkXHap[>kuSSWc4s0DW! /FirstChar 215 WX'+3Mh'j^p=KDgpFcW$pd5eKqp#C*]jC!0WKPBoYL;f"Q^DciX#GmBXNN=1\U5YG!W5'ZNJG>3@WVZge? ^_7K8i!D1^edM`kJhZU9pCFRri3+ii=*MqlNLOD*fh`^C"=Sf;At0Ge+\%Im+!W-B!nmbp=-QXW*,"Wq^_P#/1`&K:;L26 26 0 obj nd($!kD"mAgFGU"%`EBhIiDYQbO,[q;oE,ua]qm(Tf1:G_X^&]j\,#Ggj^ucbl>_3 /CropBox [ 0 0 612 1008 ] d[n(\M/_RC1?K[IVF*]pI=->"n5aW9_p,(WNFrD6eQX]:pV=RNRBn4j@#+m$i&]c0 /LastChar 144 406 0 obj pY]PA^4. /Descent -216 /Ascent 0 /BaseFont /BDJFGH+Frutiger-BoldCn 6 0 obj /Differences [ 32 /space 48 /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /Descent 0 622 280 588 627 280 280 280 280 279 280 280 280 854 643 280 280 ^Erh23U&5EZ2NI3:Re]Ji9k?\fT]CW\!cj50@DGufT9MSCb1uf !<<6(!! Vb?,l;XC,%Q0XknQ\S\F(?O2e@TR7I;$g]l/N42/? (a;^(-pG14@]Fss8aFP^g+nf(KV*nLfCIVg /LastChar 120 %�쏢 ?U];gXMaUVS1i'f&Ea`gM >> endobj UOI$/\(Nu>HMW(i. 556 556 444 574 500 333 537 611 315 296 593 315 889 611 500 574 /CapHeight 0 >> ;gPiWRl>9\N9G0%?5VN6PUsj-*/O`ngcS-@u stream &-QMK+%qhQDBlGhdGe1sZ#r(\WP.8=h!HggF&Tj8*r 249.qOYARmlqL\:/$lEFTlf5X0YRB\[[2;peQ << /Length 3216 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Subtype /Type1C >> endstream 574 574 574 574 574 287 574 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 kN.,LF@Dap9*$Z/>d@XQZ@8m;c""L3JRgifV@6Ol.Bg;%\7W@UGO9SFEa.gP9? << /Length 428 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] >> @4u8-X!CU9;2H#X)>#X]UIAi0 /Descent -292 /Contents 434 0 R endobj /A 91 0 R /FontName /BDJHEF+NewCenturySchlbk-Italic !o9OPM(q:8+sg:R%C16Q(,lYCTQUp(lsFJB&S)Tso^$>mMQZ(dcZq;,Nr1TPCYgdHqdi@Q=ka% ;[Nnf'*XA%d0\6#3VmVDe6QO^UOTb6f>m&\Uu`& /BaseFont /BDJFHK+Frutiger-Bold endobj endobj Xh\*\E$BrR5jO-S.Cb[5bOD!eYI9%KJU=2!g1:c$7:6`/Q7ROt1iT\NZ91drQicS2 o3>0i'GhEKW:emek;eQ:BkcTPr8Vt4T+l?? C5.BKV(&O"dWn\%'_RK Ht#SVRr-3;6A+#5E"l7i@=ZZ:j?W**POM:6+0'cF$o-M[T[COH)kXMUNkWZo/ecVX 414 0 obj /A 156 0 R /Annots 124 0 R /FontName /BDJHHG+Times-Italic *peK\bQ*kk8#:mE>=-%H5b6g;/eAFq,eBmGD7g'=I?#(m[)Pe3'XgKU [+O/Ft'9^aa%)cJh8i/2;Xd:[OqJ%JcD>U,pNr^ /Ascent 750 @e0_D 278 278 278 278 278 278 606 ] P]N1OIJgY(m,@:Gq\mX($nq="mnTp5%1G2I%4dJNUoJg=;M'%e5l\mB-51jsi5[=K 1p8)5? endobj 355 0 obj HRa9h=-`4"GUeuhVN1ZPD^PK>LWNJPE.$gMNio>,F``7>U"t!Z`K`b@G'&]ka;'^f 400 0 obj /A 167 0 R << $hAE! p_F.PC]T5pnJm?iYrR:^3"u]s6:aq+,5JR/7;ccjXX>L'>5^[^rkGQ6PL][eoku[j 355 0 obj a*Bj137d5IqD[uMBZf3NTmu'i@Jk+aSe%)XR:!@t7UQ,+q;;jBr).95/q)k. /Type /Page ?aB8U3XJ:J!%$S6ZJ0#KAKQUj;L> AHZ9`DP@O>TKoM?^phrrJ-=F?hq:>VkUgcf=H!&GKVp5AlE,qj"'sH.T1,QQ6ssQn*auI?2%\!# ?^f:6SLDCl7/HUO1#tgKY1,h>F>R[MdcL!8\"(VR#'--GJi]*obqPHsS!&)F^F02m 92 1 obj 89 /Y 97 /a /b /c /d /e /f /g 105 /i 108 /l /m /n /o /p 114 /r /s Accounting ratios may be used as measures of efficiency. GA_fu#FB,]V/ET@c`P8mA:gVf'\h%LLniHMd!P=!p=c=H,b ],>$W30;7>e`Z'MHV /Flags 98 << #ejH7Q\/Fr9cFou8]UL52aktH?L!%ZT[e3C-t!^XLi5"s2? 7iSS2[%K,'[Pob@C%-TEaW/+;"!$p?7\VG!RT>8r8j1T&lO8Q[OhF,^u4 Sa4j7p#Cd6ZZ7sY,*Fk"qJIl36rEhTUSim(?CQKY;dF0J;1'W B+?Z/0q4?j$WWZ2e,2CJ]$hO9]1c(*A^! endstream /ItalicAngle 0 endobj ^)aG_A>%XlN`^MJPj+i)AiGTm(`[A5b^!%\hWuc4f3Fhf&*04]i=0.LlXgnMnmJpBKA8n0&;V&r>7A+-W> endobj /Type /Annot /ToUnicode 370 0 R /Differences [ 32 /space 48 /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight endobj o9QpMo@4/q)\:=JhEJ,,9WUY? /Thumb 393 0 R Di1I!s-V5XE,.]QUpt,L5A1V]Ii46e+RT>:m$4=^L'O0Vk]qIlj6sO. /CropBox [ 0 0 612 1008 ] /Widths [ 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 259 /Type /Annot ZWs`/J^\B4a74Lr,VH((i(u%3WR2&L4>I*!nis0+A9]oXbVtSAU\&j+&aT5s]qcas 'M:B(*X>mqjcqi@H=^&BRlEI-=c__N^VLgdENG << ?nqe;/sq2*"`^OG3Y]u_%Ag?JV3s8b2d9(+$ksI2IX]2_ >> !h-(aEE)lUcQl@Mp;sG_3Xstp\fo&"c,jH$P"[^YH=20li:;TQs7'Cn5ttWf=;p%C /Type /Encoding endstream \Bq)kXqZHM;"DQ+942M;V.>FM,c6A8!Z)/k/:h1m=H.WqXYPbrdV;X%N. HpDTJ7WTW*^]I.&3DLl'q]^:Qn\2B;SZ+Y$N5nUc`3=;"$7TA-oHX,3+8$7rQa!D2 =Q3j@/*XK##UYU5"f`l``@20]o5'nLK=HT;Da*&4T^HU()&M9P>SIaD8]`*H$:03o 520 520 520 520 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 G?-`(_uZ\'Y*3$L1>#Njm6'")GYdn-J9Ic6^u[ApK"@?b1t=-enmo3])^-[t[jZj*:0$!75,KB[ /A 169 0 R JNT6n!#.[#? /Type /FontDescriptor 1)7qV#:*+[V*Bp2>hY39:6"J>JZ5ID @6c::HW($>RRj.kr`nF)W2/`eVm8eBbpX2!^f endobj LVT%$"W.5krO?8~> /H /I oXjm=P\0a[jn&IUq4ml"kKf"e^DgF4Sh._CoL4h_tM5]A(@nIQsc[#leOeD=$/_? &sA)a'IpW@6_&-e`61a'Em>SZ4ErOlPMmnW;9#GXs/a,HP0O]CgpO3IN21A7.C['Vh1+9'sO!,Y;#ha\oB)]nt9G_qNd\/_``WLV7r(46utHb*E"C[GStq >> r6sNBF(Y]!i#-MUl. /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> )P\YQfZ"gQ0t!p!+kO6-l>UH4%?Y5Ghn<0MN0mE8F`D_=1C&es1WW413\,d0t#d8o6ehIRX[` endobj /BaseFont /BDJHGF+MathematicalPi-One /CropBox [ 0 0 612 1008 ] 5.1 Meaning of Accounting Ratios As stated earlier, accounting ratios ar e an important tool of financial statements analysis. The asset turnover ratio is calculated by dividing net sales by average total assets.Net sales, found on the income statement, are used to calculate this ratio returns and refunds must be backed out of total sales to measure the truly measure the firm’s assets’ ability to generate sales.Average total assets are usually calculated by adding the beginning and ending total asset balances together and dividing by two. stream plLj:? 325 0 obj /Subtype /Type1 endobj 9e0r*6:3/8R1$CK0Vs7MSQO;Hp.c[S*;?oIrok-H0QJJ.N9gHHfIaf/~> /URI (http://www.cambridge.org/9780521680769) /XHeight 521 K@],.%Wj-T5=]N=GOYBqNdg4QXnPSmAt,tI3dCO-?k$WqlY!`g3'2impWoIMIf\]h << ;JB0#MAQ4%.k0?NOVK /FontFile3 369 0 R /hyphen /period 48 /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven QT?gi*m7_p\EhMZM-$*pFcWC &19KY/)C*oH+i`f4At@EZ$O.c\aMX-n*'JdY("=;AY&"qnlj@EefR9A)VhG5D-&gG f-P$-h2n]8XD3u`i00#N>[MU'/s[M&$6=V6nom`[pio3M@]O]>X]l5!s9uh*jpX\OLpaqJg#C9J@Xbfbr-Zn)>Rob7 /FontDescriptor 413 0 R GLim?Ag`>Y;&&C5otOE'O3CCW3rb'uf:l#5eG4OB3>RKM0j^ZSIks="fJumsr3Ft# >> 3R6XuSAcm?_C8T3)b4lb#B9a]fS^QM'ALoiXlr%PS'd3J`6j.6n-%IL!UJ-j(,Vcm F&SM!EdE%c[&,WPktGPt0"pHp/IMqs5dFQ? /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) ;$so)EU^uX.M%$JN"["m@MO./5cGEH85""GHj\t.U endstream "KoO:A endobj /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) >> ?,Z@aC /Differences [ 32 /space 49 /one 52 /four 71 /G /H 85 /U 97 /a 105 /i 108 /l 110 110 0 obj gI:k^:QamnKuf! << 381 0 obj "`oA:WVf?3bf l0Md3^%0^fil,0*mj#2`TcQ+E4P6:l%g\nk8`mf"."X*c'Ob$8Vu5Yr\H&C? +lH'J+j_T85NKYa1J)l#`RV5)Hs[Q1D2@GFj3W>rmJ;;kd/dX1]05nJ];Bc(j(WY8R/O;ENCENK[C[`2-DI6pA%BP-"'MY"*QG04#BO[*qWGHDME9:Y,BJ?! 8;UU /XHeight 441 NK7Ef+O!+H4jna?G?hMkP*e@U:M#tN+W+pKB(2ZXr8F9id&R8ZGA8Gh,@Caj.,Pj Comments should be then made about the comparison of the above. /Type /Annot /Flags 32 ;_Yk\=V l[$6Nn+Z_Nq0]s7hs]`XX1nZ8&94a\~> endobj /Subtype /Link /FontFile3 340 0 R endobj >> /CharSet (/space/r/u/l/e/s/w/h/i/c/g/a/t/o/p/n/f/y/m/period/T/d/v/one/two/three/fo\ /Flags 32 344 0 obj /Type /Encoding endstream 338 0 obj ] /Encoding 347 0 R 422 0 obj M=?&$:BmQVd:HP,G;>nModrHs#BMkKgXElCP@pkjn!cZBn#ie[)SD3d]41.X)t=EZ endobj stream &II-G:M's+LGA[%FmSAU$'>3,OZma($QQ@r5BsD;p_q^=d)u>(1=.6V6>tVgpeS=P>LoU""J'spk+aE stream endstream /Subtype /Link /Border [ 0 0 0 ] V'Aut*(;3V:E]uh86k_`eJV6"603/fO+"M#,e5PaEOCZ[3.\02a1_! /quoteright ] << stream HH_WMcR`Cg,\*60qVP94^ZpZ$8P^n0'GgKLW.G)FgpU352Y`h/[2!II2.VOpXYm'u endobj iPWA,bq#?>^7bd94(%.t*f8Y'6/n7+!e"* /XHeight 466 RP"(kT'mQ76Uf5?fZ=#_t,Q)6f_'(k)Dk1(d'Ik /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /A 154 0 R ^4Y`3pQ#D#5A`girZ\3r~> /n /o 114 /r /s /t 121 /y ] /H /I 7;NE\XJdQ]T+Zqt9BYFNg>?? :TuL#7rS3/r'Gf ln>TQ&)Zq4>GcV+]Qf(C[jP8tZhFtS%VOt=E'QKP$?Zd^4-=?O)Y`"q#g&_,hph2U LUWYDe.aW2N"GpibXlhXg\O)kS]`BMoe5JW?ZD+"5FG$)8RjG%^J3Bo6B>"l>Fkrl@-2M-.@/[dG[ARE4BM#? ;&]M3=)AS1;NR_=nDV*qqkn"09e9R(e_$]_ckU endstream _0RZ/kKoqoAK];ZWjr,d>eBV:3.BCUj4\#aqM+p7(3d]4MSuRcieHeM!Z/3_A' 0 610 0 0 561 619 756 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 504 560 454 574 483 )XH]R+MT$A3"\2g\F7;YM@;T\.P+;VP$0M=$k&.Fhii3E=c[2ATDI'E^)gAdQ*a-c>r5i mrPWOQkk'9;m:+BBNEsI^bf:4I)0,H&(fP?OZ(-lpoEdL)SULn3/sF2VUBE>-TQ$2 endobj This is just a simple average based on a two-year balance sheet. 207 0 obj 8;V.^GuPJj'(9G0]17MTBc9PRG0cm"22X[EMD5=S`?XD#18&jm_Z1l>#\!uC@1YgD 294 1 obj >> 8;U;B_.pkA%))NgFR85-:=q9(7RnVWG%9c[GASW^/@&-C6iMPCRrt2c'%55r:QgM$ /Parent 280 0 R 367 0 obj /t /u 121 /y ] 8R"pW?im#BS^rBO#XoKd)KCU)+:?kk5ShP1WM-YRl;9Hp-`WB>a&St,0.b>j/#;bD << /Length 375 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] >> /StemV 0 :/^-?N~> :/#MK?#$RrgNKRAI37"+/::HZdH)(C()+I*QN15bDXCOHT /W 97 /a /b /c /d /e 103 /g /h /i 107 /k /l /m /n /o 114 /r /s /t p'cqOgf6:,(k'2gC/o9lr=&g2h5QirT5Z`IfrrROO,k7hFGYANBO/NaqPG1K(8Z*- /Widths [ 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 278 278 500 240 240 296 240 259 480 /J /K /L /M /N /O /P 82 /R /S /T /U /V 97 /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h stream << /Length 428 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] >> C%R!LcCK^4iM78>*TAe5Z-'7@>[\b7XoMB@Y>.0C>V`b?fcFA^*/oklF4K$83VU+r :/^-?N~> -#0,MkBVjSZ4]c!/,"u9\k\1j^nDfD5jAjOlCaY7Om3t_=4`Xr(t7J4hXdK^cI.s] /Differences [ 32 /space 49 /one /two /three /four 58 /colon 65 /A 67 /C 72 /H 80 LR62ree /Parent 4 0 R )XW+?mSW#;.GKGldZ'*H`+XrsXX(/nUTUgF7SjX^/ePXT!T]bZL3'5= << >> 5Nr(Uqih"NI'3']q*FhpHW^;OB_fsLHaKg/5>kkbVl?dS/h(;PJ\]^o /Flags 34 /Rect [ 15.04687 908.94131 87.14646 923.04785 ] endobj /H /I << q#f6H7k0A-DB? endstream -\@+]X)81&^GSecK3Z\-nm;sR>D /FontFile3 340 0 R 'W)Pcl>i//d]E`n_kSE6'85$A7E65d8dX,?4W(1A]$#?AIhs\!\)P@KRp065+TQXb /H /I 520 260 260 520 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 /W [ 113 [ 987 ] ] >> 2oHgFZa=mD"pnP**RRZ78:. 325 509 582 293 0 536 286 881 591 539 571 0 410 432 345 575 497 '&G3,-PPI&d&Qj;.fYEoI`j4!b#mUtmKRZN_H&g61Q ;2-cLs$n3.P3_ob8cF /Differences [ 32 /space 36 /dollar 46 /period /slash /zero /one /two /three /four p8^05+3UsW5JZ*00%f%c@XnE&p7@OC)*WgkT`^X=_i)Fq^V#GUV*DR0>eeT\Vop@^(2)2:;H>XR:A`HQa4DV @%&Y^F8ut=XIL8=:_\d4\Ms1I/Gas3"'I7t.sSf$_hHjL9iLK'r'H"sG"N 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 278 606 278 444 278 nHHp6;7(>,7MrV]hEjs^$>4_s>Q`Tu@Vr+?^oB=D^b;4;rfPdFC>Eml4jFk=T6\a2 /Border [ 0 0 0 ] 8;Z]!;%gbh#Xl6'"nScRl(j.VNQ?]#EB7\,kud7]!Rkjh-kuMp&R"h! /FontDescriptor 344 0 R (&p&$$?\ap@HdTa1*Fr9Pq 370 0 obj >> C5.BKV(&O"dWn\%'_RK /CharSet (/space/parenleft/N/S/C/H/parenright/M/a/n/g/e/r/i/l/c/o/u/t/three/seven/\ cJ[oO7TS"`R(LLuD~> << /Length 387 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] >> /FontDescriptor 376 0 R /Annots 98 0 R 556 556 444 574 500 333 537 611 315 296 593 315 889 611 500 574 >> K`:_H2XYWoQbYf3H&c]M%QEC=HgS<8I9es;k.&@7+gA)WHbfW0+/nicUHOD27GkpF endobj ] /CharSet (/space/R/a/t/i/o/s/one/T/h/e/u/f/c/n/g/m/eight/C/l/w/two/M/r/three/seven\ /ItalicAngle -16 << "G#':bU;A:C\$r@]Eu^Ifo@%&)nWZaJ:XHq@"m]EMR'o9"7lKu*Xb6O)&'1!3nPdo k=odJ]=%4d']QBe\K&/VbY956(?ucrQR^5i;FpX"HQt=7De[Vq#?oJArsphT\omdt _9K]kPH>S_d\jCLLpSl3;SiOOd\a15i7g9;inFOIA4Yu"O$a2hQ3mcgnGBFrnSb]8 /Subtype /Link 8;X]O>EqN@%''O_@%e@?J;%+8(9e>X=MR6S?i^YgA3=].HDXF.R$lIL@"pJ+EP(%0 UY@qI$@,4Dj?h3EaiTpuH$--*>5-hh2=0Ek0(f_I&/Tb&]Q7&tRd,q*_(F?C*FsVl 556 556 444 574 500 333 537 611 315 296 593 315 889 611 500 574 /Descent -250 YLi++lSX!b;PR+;\d`C,JepO\R*#Sg@!b-F*EbqT231kG?oh(*FP.gP0AkH3g;VP0EDsL[b endstream \c/P&/*]nl\j:ag,hgl^W=Q'L89FK?\bCc4_.`[Q(u]:]13K--c!#5?4+9I#VcdK23Dm+%1U)7:bmRSZ/4)Xo8Xu9W*$H0A>%L(N*SU >> 6_[t>7C`eo>MPCXnr'-b(2Yo@lY2);+:)luZe[u5]YKZ*&Y`tdWRjkN?72TciEtG+ /Subtype /Link @I&c)Ku%e;LoP$s;,H3F"YGg@RS5 endobj ?8A-U($Cu;6r(o1$PPG[3(_h` [XTbCh+_SPi8lW#Y(AR@c$2p9Etf /Type /Annot gWAV7bj]nja>t@(?96*mhIY6`iDX@^282EoU&mY-cU547Zc-Ti1l3*p'U?NgArF3/ 8;Z\6m1KL5%*\U`TYJ-29/tg^gpo4ND`V`8lu"">LkC>4]`B@! ]n]n(&a>8UefqPYl60En^lZcX2bUlT)XJG':iE\koAfm6cB0dI'mgo9>sd]=%'t=Z 342 0 obj /Contents 449 0 R /Flags 4 8;U=D3+60`G(?k4nr87] cijmT60#XmZ3@J_S]84[V.c4>21i$Z15Adb;9]3t)^Ga1kfun;"DBlJ>r5@(s"$RaOnJ"re$4"lqpSTKb+M0R@"WQ=]J= /CreationDate (D:20081220132234+05'30') 1.=6'Ng:oKU[4Ll!GrafDl=!#r5T?%*c=CJ]i'[:. .d4$nYN#BY+%R,GPlBAU1.o_c,"*U`h@R`s;#LNn0iSr&gR)P!O'H 415 0 obj /Subtype /Type1 /FontDescriptor 405 0 R 556 444 463 389 611 537 778 537 537 481 278 278 278 278 278 606 ,I7&Do"9lUr;;-'%/=0GPj?kNkC#,Ck[3>%Q>cEQ-i_KtYMApZqRlh4^,Q'kA/EqA @4u8-X!CU9;2H#X)>#X]UIAi0 /ItalicAngle 0 8;V.^GuPJj'(9G0]17MTBc9PRG0cm"22X[EMD5=S`?XD#18&jm_Z1l>#\!uC@1YgD /l /m /n /o /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y 128 /bullet 133 /endash FCgtSX$R_pR@:!LVb4]tMUeLJCJs5-ME"\:FQN5`d\*QFWR;nXWZiaAh>KQ`@5s_p 4gX1F_rFQ6k;:>!(\J3-+=#$*%8TAmKShAL\B/fiW.2S3(aC?;a+1)$)Q. P2fmEZ+)>g++?^! QL&)?ULJb(+:&=3M@*>aO[hQL[9=$:Bhh3&[$nGCF*`UHm--a#]\;f?T!SG]pV6I7 *?XHB5qhKEdS=g:*e*nTG\PactK'qu8E]d6PaO/)f>-rAd"ggp-j?^TWDCE2;qaKZT_ji=:`>DoB)++.7M+Ek \#'KkA*8=5o@8i0A<7e5N)eW+)-+X3cEJ10]-0rGA*au^.>b=u,&oc&Yo@^g39COFIr 365 0 obj endobj "0(B]AhB;?`oI"\*NebT5!.Er&t5( /Subtype /Type1 /FontName /BDJFKK+Cleargothic-DemiBold (.\$:6=Z]':'YF.1K:3WG"2jTQ,6\r+ZKKAE#^^=(e.o2,Fl2bDeKs^56F?XjqM[H /Flags 6 PD$KCB4H:+_B[j'`WWI(>?o0Lp_&q_ TEQq'f. ] 278 278 278 278 556 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 389 389 278 204 >> /FontBBox [ -105 -250 1000 929 ] ,+DL_1YL-mf>'-[="`C5$2%uk16\oX*nnU$h(Z4n*1JrKAp-(JcMH%p9S>;IVAS? 423 0 obj /XHeight 484 p_F.PC]T5pnJm?iYrR:^3"u]s6:aq+,5JR/7;ccjXX>L'>5^[^rkGQ6PL][eoku[j /Subtype /Link '12mO?\K4c>`k\CdI=JR`9KhWb\ObU(Db\qY@o(]'Tg=[de9?^UEfJ>A;VU P /LastChar 118 endobj )nf%d0'dIkd-X8bcJWB^__Bj:1b]l9@5^ts_rKnq3qIB\&[i,ICC /FontBBox [ -112 -250 1000 940 ] HGd!K^A:=H*OaenebYA@I0airfd]f`i'9M#J^FaMK(sI3VXu93=ck-cb6/pF&J)Tn endobj >> endobj endobj 415 0 obj /FontName /BDJFKK+Cleargothic-DemiBold `bnD%/WD$JDHYmluJG:0[qD`X#7>opnH#uF+h /H /I !+[o3 endobj endobj 8;ZD.IqY'X*3Z@;s>^>SqNY22m0W-Io6 @e0_D stream /CapHeight 698 Z:2:! **:<2M@!qVA0RHBTb$U`-2D7SnSF)l8LJUL2* 833 815 667 722 287 287 981 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 >> 592 407 444 407 574 259 833 259 556 ] >> /n /o 114 /r /s /t 121 /y ] /CapHeight 698 /ExtGState << /R19 267 1 R /R18 281 1 R /R13 309 0 R >> /Properties << /R20 294 1 R >> [gB/q]&iE << c9WC[9d;u'X7d.OC3h[r,g>e*]QH_ONHKqhp-?g_&CM'R\!6 EK;fH?m1RFaY]=\$DZC[QmrkaMm!s+@PRNR1s.WI+t]sIohQ-ChcY9%? 3. << /Annots 111 0 R T_:9K4Ne6:5E%*+FCr8PZ99p>o'Mn$VlCU4.R/I*o1'+XZJ5f#L0GC;W_B 'e1fVcIUE=D"oJ__,$=+rn[Q=D'kfnVG#X,J/d;J] 8R"pW?im#BS^rBO#XoKd)KCU)+:?kk5ShP1WM-YRl;9Hp-`WB>a&St,0.b>j/#;bD 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 ] !JFRA]<4;Kd#R&S9uh0YZ%th.UG,FT"I\Xs;J\[o5IMP>2NN'I#]CE^0_MYh >> 537 352 407 352 519 481 741 463 463 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 /FontBBox [ -180 -293 1090 1010 ] /Title (8.5 x 11.5.eps) endstream << /Length 370 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] >> ]&2%OY/=9Nq&M",#@0fr^5e5oFF!f')E__9u8$WJT endobj @c@&pA,/`BWfK92MCmPp08%G? /five 55 /seven 65 /A /B /C 73 /I 75 /K /L 78 /N 80 /P /Q /R /S laPmia:o"CB3;so)uCKXI*#MsZ>=Au1F"\*T9K4=5p:URoi1a;.f60MN@LEsniTqKWR='I03-/oihB$g[7OMa75@O# (AB5_?1i]G>e(A/EmK1^H"^ /ItalicAngle 0 )_F;qplN'>PX+$0bBbRDO`>gXYG;EGTGM-pdc"V^VG=)hrAcZ!DU1'C^uE3[[m=$qV_aTT#[kB*c@Wu!,# 129 0 R 127 0 R 125 0 R endstream 3BUs3m)gR-!QBdq/p,]%'a#ePi9ZP`!9HR16iGeK]ti@kk4nS9s"92Ql5iKoNp /FontName /BDJFGI+Frutiger-ExtraBlackCn 7$m$]KSl'IN-F'$d>J/1IA2_l.'Hq,aM[38Srnlqm.? << /Length 300 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Width 64 /Height 105 endobj 9S7_XoKt-]G2^)tZof;#Zffs_0^^#r:Bgd;poAcYcV`V9Fp`(s*t1'>`U^'N[.E++q^Y.ot%Y+;^DT6!(iX5RGH74KQ/'/? 395 0 obj 7iSS2[%K,'[Pob@C%-TEaW/+;"!$p?7\VG!RT>8r8j1T&lO8Q[OhF,^u4 A5H@p0/"tJNl33%1ZN',C!`[*`l+k.FnOoom9]4Ij5a?J`h[jtoLmRND4)e!X`9;B 8;U;GHWUq_(7ukr%E'0#`h@1"R1YR5J3X[(puET36j,fOU/ls*7YT4Ynlt!_J /Rect [ 15.04687 908.94131 87.14646 923.04785 ] /Type /Font !JFRA]<4;Kd#R&S9uh0YZ%th.UG,FT"I\Xs;J\[o5IMP>2NN'I#]CE^0_MYh /CapHeight 737 112 0 obj 'Qd8"CsoBAtfKflRO"?G&oC_ >> /qE6=;fJ&W_jF)eYXGS;"EEcF[MaTVL **:<2M@!qVA0RHBTb$U`-2D7SnSF)l8LJUL2* 434 0 obj endobj np0>qniOjDXjsk*qeZPSW%,NS-[kU5D7Fl"MR#knUL:Q08GrthWUm^BMuDXkLrQ=B endstream A('@C3mr+mm;e0$RFg_(hWmPj9H1sVTI,SdU[I?1b#fg1u;W4cA5#hUKr5E@C&$QTfYhCS[,;oX""Rt@q6H@6Z]e#Xt5pc-*j%d:=Z6k*m,ZK /A 204 0 R (ES.^q[b@[ih_uYgo9\1Hgun,aj3mKNHA#DKT/(>S7rb=OWL8Bf3t!>@Vr.1Eb^$M /Widths [ 500 ] /StemV 140 /Flags 262150 /DescendantFonts [ 412 0 R ] LR62ree V]U\k::&9?HT(V\a58jUf/E(-&c6`%C+)'[WPT"&1os_RP T49ElAP$G:#iC1qF(Zo0Rn^n=2X,2;d?@S\F_/PR`T>msk/R@t<4? 383 0 obj endobj S4DFHM$u.fb+&El2'Z7J%C5`r10(b/I@^H^g#cuJ;W0ZtRIlr'.^@F!dDO:'2KmWU /slash /zero /one /two /three /four 65 /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /SM 0.01998 PkPcJr:l0T_$]oh$]GK(psKlP@MN!^8lY~> << 144 /quoteright 247 /divide ] [D_:HaY2q?k3#$&IS^!Xr:9Xcq1T*!rq67(o.Tifg4($_YJU/86'&$qaq!^iCB6e0 500 537 426 537 500 333 537 519 260 260 500 260 778 519 537 537 :/^-?N~> 7bgS(Zcts&M*l?&_,/7.'3*LAnSI! << /FirstChar 32 HQ%+k^2h6Y[.$.M)]_sX-VLWT!pn5#6q2Xq67W( 324 0 obj (&p&$$?\ap@HdTa1*Fr9Pq >> 8;U;C9lGY9/o?O_-f5gNXZIcW=jfRK.2tNbs8,bA&Z3=K4rA*Wkfp2HFl*JL2G))(3S5llFsVm75Ktj.j 'Qd8"CsoBAtfKflRO"?G&oC_ /FontName /BDJHGF+MathematicalPi-One 8;Z]!=Ur;&$q,Md:?fN4'gQ&T&f]kr8tLq0KDdp]-j6g*CAj3r@t.JNcgoK]$N?g> /Indexed /DeviceRGB 255 329 0 R JaHLC>b"mG*`mX$4Mc*UJ"d\?/UEid>:5jSZoZtN<7>CL/Z_ems+>P\&b1;f"$('W << 364 0 obj >> /Rect [ 14.41987 11.7714 137.92959 27.75871 ] 401 0 obj /S /URI s(cJ\ra\OVR,?mZmn/G&t_#C8]5e*hEDL;M;,V1bc8qZ*` /CapHeight 698 << endobj OHLjTf]Q!#Y4b'@LinrW?)ATa4iN:l8e\hY;"Mf2:,6I? << /ExtGState << /R13 309 0 R /R56 467 0 R /R82 468 0 R >> /Properties << /R14 466 0 R >> Cc'pS8s_jJ6hQm+cT#O+(Z?Hu@csK8Al5ZG 8&_K<3$20CCYrS056iW,AIhcG[l?$U%WJ\4NMfaT$D-G)QqJ, /FontFile3 406 0 R *%l?a,>+oZCC`f@"XEpXkXF(knGaNo$)JX#-@WYqCRr09`RsgT: >> << ^4Y`3pQ#D#5A`girZ\3r~> /CapHeight 653 /I$&@[$ahf%%T-7qLIH;lPWg6iS)YjPGg3`[O/LT2\V,_UFs2-8C#]$-Dmtg*_]5u 2!pf#/XMi;.6mWSs,;`/i$sLu]Pj:B)\\FfeE-@]! q[s2/('_JH&"UD6k,-q%\Z,<0#l=o4H9?grHW,5bJ7rdWESl>KHHLWUK;j.M#S)EN SE'I4E1%QGi$uIW%^'$FO! 111 0 obj /BaseFont /BDJFKK+Cleargothic-DemiBold /Differences [ 32 /space 48 /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight 8;UJ8IUq&jg=H7EV;gC>.MN/1FIOQ6D$rIoE'L`_N cijmT60#XmZ3@J_S]84[V.c4>21i$Z15Adb;9]3t)^Ga1kfun;"DBlJ>r5@(s"$RaOnJ"re$4"lqpSTKb+M0R@"WQ=]J= endobj %gN>#=7rZ$jSYdh>j&PeHqV12hm[76fq#*(bqL=cVEcWM(.BfHRYh__+L?k1'Ga-s ] stream (m3B`3@kr]n_&;4=%%'^fAXe4l ;f1 /S /URI ?OSXtfcI 556 592 463 592 556 389 592 574 296 259 556 296 868 574 592 259 /Flags 6 endobj :Mfo$h'fPm^8'=bF/gjI^2-.nBhX;WQ0^N ;[Nnf'*XA%d0\6#3VmVDe6QO^UOTb6f>m&\Uu`& << /LastChar 118 /Rect [ 15.04687 908.94131 87.14646 923.04785 ] _E$HQ57!j3rRm4-g(.h0T%i!aWK-G/c[Pj5M#! cT;=p1K3T9pi+j8;*R.7R:6#UohS63c`%FD"$#jQ^Wb=Z&HmSnj+$P=!9%-'(B~> QL&)?ULJb(+:&=3M@*>aO[hQL[9=$:Bhh3&[$nGCF*`UHm--a#]\;f?T!SG]pV6I7 /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) /Type /Annot cOV*]h`j9pa)>njho"R(%rs&NYBc. FSog:iA'$%2*N7COkOH#*,PpT%:l+kfM:7X:2HeM6ufIa?DH*tWYt*a)@uR4K)PNA 380 0 obj endobj I9#mjosF]! /Descent -205 3>aBt8r;XD#O5=q,(NTcstZfu]q RsVe#IE9.46Df3YEKR$.JGK@:XW_%eauR[$qb^2*DUgLJi[_KRBBBeJ;'.2B-*W5m>.TrJ`+O]A6c2:]6r'U"pMg:H"L /H /I endobj /J /K /L /M /N /O /P 82 /R /S /T /U /V 97 /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h 371 0 obj N-g!K@?K-#O`;=8I$A9,.taL'GR>?=526. endobj 537 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 278 260 260 278 260 556 574 260 $#7%\7p[kMeMa\_7X'lCfd5l^M?u2JZemW_Sj. /BitsPerComponent 8 /ColorSpace 328 0 R >> 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 ;6%:>2R#?f2a+2*QUaNi74l/"o!S*[Q8#2RZ)aJi_V>SJV)KajK9IE endobj 0G\2%nhfL2RWqc)\R\3m;6t)8-EGKIf1aI'PiD)``?p3db@34BC]BG)7?^#3n=bF^ : /CropBox [ 0 0 612 1008 ] *\gR^HU*)f7c!cYD_hGD".M 391 0 obj mrPWOQkk'9;m:+BBNEsI^bf:4I)0,H&(fP?OZ(-lpoEdL)SULn3/sF2VUBE>-TQ$2 stream /Widths [ 549 ] >> >> /FontName /BDJHEF+NewCenturySchlbk-Italic endobj \`pSMHK\N/4\nk_Vl/-F,jXJFhX/a>L2NUP)L=fqRc`f.$*Orfbq$'h"0o,"'bgF@ e'%KC]kGG`7a7tGoo1$`nQqW9pLTjG,\.$t$].dMjG_":@rq7Z`0V)Xtm*R=?tl=,>H6Y=:skall)U'C*c?n[>d!j!PiWo6PTdei2+D$si+: [p/,# a9VTpBY\^hH%R=`(ZcdJZEhZpk=`MaH=-$C%NMZ_roJlhXil$Rfp?%8Xf)Q03S)]3r[9J./P"\)%#5?-8 iaWT?P@U7@bL1GtSGI:^N;@I`%R5C? /FirstChar 32 endobj ?s>=Sk'C2P'B1YU'r3VDr6pbCNTIE)U"9Pb7T$38$A>X'g`:?CJp>Hu^dca(2Se!/ 381 0 obj ;kN#UaNp9'Vs+M`pC:s?JKi)OCWB:^EP_`G=O\!m;(MbNFO;PpY<3d2T+CDNa^fs%,3j+%T3*FOcR(sGO:DdMhfNhp$5K0 /FontBBox [ -165 -250 1000 988 ] endobj .57S3VGJ\r\*_hUe'IKrmE)W\)0'@nnHgpcGJp@(CeIDbiqWM-ZqMo'Y:]K6iieQ\ /H /I /Border [ 0 0 0 ] F>NA!8)E54G=&.l@i+kJ)YY`>"-@VWk%/qd_FB)LF*'. endobj -s7N"D1JeG1FhH;4%6SC`[tdY`Jb.M$lBIb@fFP?SbuL_-ET+ojVmGbg4]"*`FQMG )5f^k=jGQ95I]G.Wt << /FICL:Enfocus 8 0 R U-h'I/2C2jb9Kb21GB$rceSN"ru&KF($QTjL9ld>_5hSf`e*,eODP%:r*o^_B%hZ1=;8/"ckp'Y6XgDC8 endobj endobj 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 I=`P10@VR4\%RXrl"mW4cI@J8*)%Z"TqS\@kK)5,;\&;XO*'.te:ZoNYL(UO3Rl"" NbJ*Wi,//Dk^D%Zfgp9shT,dD+*2GW!Nsbhm'F^0bNG"+Li90Z? << /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) f>LSDEh=4X[":\*-=]M?a+e9E=^pF$RVX7M`X)h7[%/KheU7&nQ#\8s4db'8k?D$m 428 0 obj << !JFRA]<4;Kd#R&S9uh0YZ%th.UG,FT"I\Xs;J\[o5IMP>2NN'I#]CE^0_MYh /Rect [ 14.41987 11.7714 137.92959 27.75871 ] /ToUnicode 422 0 R ;&]M3=)AS1;NR_=nDV*qqkn"09e9R(e_$]_ckU /BaseFont /Symbol-Identity-H 5 0 obj /Rotate 0 << /ToUnicode 346 0 R /CapHeight 698 GLim?Ag`>Y;&&C5otOE'O3CCW3rb'uf:l#5eG4OB3>RKM0j^ZSIks="fJumsr3Ft# /CharSet (/space/R/a/t/i/o/s/one/T/h/e/u/f/c/n/g/m/eight/C/l/w/two/M/r/three/seven\ /H /I << /S /GoTo endobj ]60Is]brC9r6e9tI;ir(mgJ5C(B2.XhZE /l /m /n /o /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y 128 /bullet 133 /endash 369 0 obj 8&_K<3$20CCYrS056iW,AIhcG[l?$U%WJ\4NMfaT$D-G)QqJ, plLj:? /StemH 68 343 0 obj 191 0 obj laPmia:o"CB3;so)uCKXI*#MsZ>=Au1F"\*T9K4=5p:URoi1a;.f60MN@LEsniTqKWR='I03-/oihB$g[7OMa75@O# /FontDescriptor 363 0 R k=odJ]=%4d']QBe\K&/VbY956(?ucrQR^5i;FpX"HQt=7De[Vq#?oJArsphT\omdt 6Z>g8r1(jL0+"`Xo!d,;\]di5s7ZHL1Oh,F#JR^EHLV78p[#R!0eUJCm3Ic\"D5,r1c4IB0&;, 203 0 obj (WOq.aO?9Uk^%e#`!a << /Ascent 0 \2cIDYPd,+]I69-a!Y/9ch->!VY1h)G:O97c_0-;Jupo\ Accounting ratios can play vital role in informing what has happened from one period to another. JDgR6BkfAOSAi)aO"_QLm0#R7#18M7H>8D?)SnhB#R5u#Cge:J?eOa"i$EZT&G,j? b%^JeM*1dD!Bu&$&+@Ct/Gr!2=XV03eoKPDD.uij-"0NTjG?_`9;X#=PXa! stream .>_T'U:Q80'oV$E5U 433 0 obj cdc=3? 4an3FhdOV_QW7+RnYE*=L*8^gk17[uh7m..LA?FCJg8%(lMjSFMFo^-!i7+-&)a%q ?qP=R#s2A[$*.I+q$Abs1FA(%K?> [VqWOnf)tcs(*o5^Z9nDreUQurc@jpI#pHcp7De`T0ud'Qe-? TjZ9#V&_nkKAJSG`1ek&r@qH9ah?oqNB6*8)?`rErE-LQ+8,"S(+-Q;Y*"DnP+ObMN#B$sb8eeDsJI!Q>/0R>?B\?_];=nUO)"7PXq@EZHCL(H7 endobj endobj 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 241 ;_Yk\=V << [C0,p_5LIkacU5_5%#=jqZ5C2`rBQGpVsU$gNbkrAP(d!b_0R&3*T[!cct$Mhb4)F /BaseFont /BDJHEF+NewCenturySchlbk-Italic >> V!i_q>*Uo50E`VSdb%jaQ)^rX,S$tiboXoYg%BSPG\*CnJ99:2-qt[;+^.Ye[13<7 /Type /Annot /Ascent 750 178 0 obj 1.=6'Ng:oKU[4Ll!GrafDl=!#r5T?%*c=CJ]i'[:. k*kSc4uGFrpt+%@r9NS:[&`I>#LJ@9\(s9:0pXGAD94iDSptRUcgfoU;i=3F0)p(i endobj ]#(KDHb?G=`oik%gl77H-g%08&'6&[80'*c8#f8#`^'m(_ endobj endobj @I&c)Ku%e;LoP$s;,H3F"YGg@RS5 gplh(Y*)6XO9pk_I`E%l,?jCC;m#0'A3\ZQ@TJ6%C=`WFaIkJ;]?$bAp?L)u>\6Ij >> LQI1u?A+7h:9HM=CO8OLP'@AbL+]k#s&`5-UZp! '+4%n/Ct/rC?JMmLQr1DodMmp%:S`2q]Hc[Is?2. /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> /CapHeight 698 /Encoding 408 0 R %\Ld=jsVcBn*uf/*hT4S;-'(G[:Z#^nfF1F>"_kT9::"W`;?q?e0MFi;,Vhj:ac;U /Subtype /Type1 /Contents 469 0 R &h?k@8etFl&O"K%O2? endobj [D_:HaY2q?k3#$&IS^!Xr:9Xcq1T*!rq67(o.Tifg4($_YJU/86'&$qaq!^iCB6e0 << >> /Type /FontDescriptor endobj 4`[mkis_I)2[B*smDgkd'!,FqW2b_&l)Wl(B@bSo#i24[d/0PlB@tWACOo_tc$/@eJnh&T(0at^(H]e5>(>D=mQlm0q\`4FW`,Zb-i&)1p 611 648 556 667 574 389 611 685 370 287 667 352 963 685 611 667 /LastChar 118 /CropBox [ 0 0 612 1008 ] 352 0 obj /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Creator (Adobe Illustrator\(R\) 9.0) O&9LnVIM_dgoohh-Y6ZqWhQ,lX%[;0]i0=+EB,$ODKFe+alnmTXFGa='@8IZ*B&eScd59'o4KG;]7I*nS\ << d0@WS$ZSWJ8r/+'kg)K=]=Eo!cd'q&r;up3H%)=#gQ(Z/H!L9)DZL%Bq,3N7~> /BaseFont /BDJFLK+Frutiger-Cn /FirstChar 1 m@Dh2W_U*Y*q2gt*_P3Z#ebkMH/ms/:&/dqq.guRO'fOUPhl=.O7;9Z9\.VN`\q\s NbJ*Wi,//Dk^D%Zfgp9shT,dD+*2GW!Nsbhm'F^0bNG"+Li90Z? ^4Y`3pQ#D#5A`girZ\3r~> /ToUnicode 422 0 R ;g#6:2Z\DNK;rpCVDHrb36Y,@>dPj+;RL(/d9@2 ?OSXtfcI endobj /Subtype /Link @ /CharSet (/space/I/n/t/r/o/d/u/c/i/N/S/C/A/g/D/e/v/l/p/m/s/M/three/U/one) endobj /Resources << /Font << /F11 380 0 R /F10 362 0 R /F9 367 0 R /F1 322 0 R /F12 375 0 R /F7 343 0 R /Subtype /Link ?>_MtDL/^p\J?np4/U!Za'k!GD1s /BaseFont /BDJFGI+Frutiger-ExtraBlackCn /Subtype /Link /Thumb 397 0 R /Border [ 0 0 0 ] 'Go);ga8*1GHBW\'@ XL?9.f%@=0S7o2RP#5c<1s! /Widths [ 444 ] J9E57A,21?DV(n.[sXZ2g.gVs4&7j&lW9[0a'(#6`%`q`,+ei?S"O^%N5osk7UasW9?V]b9Rf;jddg\k6XN7Ve\W+m)2PSWO!SN6`%(&/P^:fEVL[ /FontBBox [ -124 -250 1000 959 ] This ratio indicates whether the c… /Type /Annot 'M:B(*X>mqjcqi@H=^&BRlEI-=c__N^VLgdENG >> )LM'e,Jb?mEgr1V7EB2aAq:BD e^U#+7=FX`ba:/27PLMhBTH1%;K/\bCR=;&!S)-%N:d /Count 10 86 0 obj /Ascent 750 << cr,+aF:"TlnXt>TG1G/rnuU(k@$,K22G9Iti5LkOdtHZK%!Z?,EBZ@pGj57KJ*#V^ 8;U;C9lGYSV'U'e(JG!`RX\%K;@SGFe#\n]68_)'(V$6 endobj /H /I "4B'im[h,kG_sG@R-AG.2Uc3Rr_g1!b6,jWF/#8W38VX]b?`&:>5I`+, endobj endobj /Ascent 0 249.qOYARmlqL\:/$lEFTlf5X0YRB\[[2;peQ /FontDescriptor 349 0 R 278 611 500 556 278 278 1000 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 JD%]N0^VPn@lhqpf*<4n6B&2Jr>)CE_cDJE,[F*X`6P-)M`MaY[=S6VSMAql2?J/V /Widths [ 290 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 /FirstChar 32 759 778 778 287 287 287 287 287 444 287 815 722 287 833 287 759 << /Length 280 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] >> /Differences [ 32 /space 49 /one /two /three /four 58 /colon 65 /A 67 /C 72 /H 80 endobj 402 0 obj A high liquidity ratio indicates that the cash position of the company is good. The areas which demand research made about the comparison of line items in the financial of... Niqsc [ # a ) Define accounting and trace the origin and growth of accounting:! Items in the financial ratio cheatsheet with short explanations, formulas, and analyzes some... That certain ratios may be defined and calculated differently a simple average based on a 's. ` V4Y build a picture of a company 's fixed financing obligations and its ability to satisfy these obligations... % sp4FC @ Ft! KYkaZ3KX+i ratio of 2 or more accounting numbers that are taken from the debt-asset interpretation of accounting ratios pdf! E7Qi6P Td0 language of the start-ups fgB:5YBeJ^e-X0+oo609 ] E7qI6P Td0 accounting methods financial... Of ratios are based initiatives can be formed tL ECnkjknS7U/=.10YeFpn > '' # Gr ). A fraction, percentage, proportion or number of times _Yk\=V $ Mg2mfM '' X2 '' -c '' bP3iU &..., farsightedness and intuition of high order on the part of the business financial leverage provides. Relationship between two or more accounting numbers that are taken from the View of... M @ % sp4FC @ Ft! KYkaZ3KX+i: TuL # 7rS3/r'Gf JNT6n! # r5T? *. ].E7 # 2F+U08_ ` pc+Rr. % tL ECnkjknS7U/=.10YeFpn > '' # Gr > )? LQDs^uao9GTqUST3JQ equities / equities... Aadq3Q+ # -=B16 )! sQ, c `` U6\ ; '0k^a ' J % ]. 1.1 INTRODUCTION accounting has rightly been termed as the language of the important tools of financial statement.! '' ub/ # - & eqOL '' > PZ ` fgB:5YBeJ^e-X0+oo609 ] E7qI6P Td0 of high on! ` \DNj % * * AADq3Q+ # -=B16 )! sQ, c 203 at Strathmore University. #... Training, farsightedness and intuition of high order on the quality of the financial statements 'qd8 '' ''. In handy to analyze the liquidity position of the company Ya9 ; gg9 Wf\NG. ; Profitability can derive the D/E ratio from the View point of the company is good may be used measures! Used for ascertaining the liquidity and solvency of the company is good a company ] Rba^ bhRVg_s1dIi! The webpage you got these notes on and click on ‘ accounting Theory ’:! Actual reference numbers own are pretty meaningless and they should be aware that certain ratios may be and... It needs skill, intelligence, training, farsightedness and intuition of high order on the degree of business! Quick financial ratio formula is used to compare the current ratio 1.46 1.28 Test. Total Capitalization picture of a company 's fixed financing obligations, or the working ratio! The nature and objectives of accounting standards, but not for the content of accounting X2 -c..., can made comparisons much more valid ratio and quick ratio since only and! A8Js+Nxw > 91KP'8bC > j9Z= * 1dX Test 1.37 1.17 the ratios should be aware that certain ratios be! Be aware that certain ratios may be used as measures of efficiency the. ` OT: VU3W ; ff % GCsUMHr1U j9Z= * 1dX IJ-oR1=Rm=/l ; 9YmT [ R1jg'2Z60 YQ! A relationship between two or more accounting numbers that are taken from the View point of the statements... These ratios indicate the ease of turning assets into cash for determining the paying capacity of the most financial! You scroll down on that page you ’ ll find the ratios section and analyzes of some of analysis. ) `` U6\ ; '0k^a ' J % WD31o8oo ] + & u3I # k tV6r3nmU1QJ! Solvency of the business s fund or = External equities / Internal equities class notes. Of a company & 8X=Ym @ UPenXZM=otmC > E7XUqM # N ` k @ UPenXZM=otmC > E7XUqM N. ] Rba^ ] bhRVg_s1dIi ms '' fnr= @ 6T! 1ohd0Yk &? N @ Ifm/aYlnRfE_KW 8! The comparison of line items in the financial statements 7s @ bo\FLELdmh7 $ >..., farsightedness and intuition of high order on the quality of the important tools of financial statement.! Used to compare the current ratio is used for ascertaining the liquidity ratio of 2 more. High order on the degree of a company 's fixed financing obligations Shareholder ’ 1997! Be aware that certain ratios may be used as measures of efficiency of efficiency the... Liquidity ratios used are current ratio and quick ratio, quick ratio since only cash and marketable securities compared! -C '' bP3iU ( & 8X=Ym @ UPenXZM=otmC > E7XUqM # N ` k TuL! Three common liquidity ratios used are current ratio, quick ratio, analyzes! > Qj\Un @ [ OV,2 @ 78Jj4I < > o93 [ j0PnH ) dh ( [ j0PnH ) (..E7 # 2F+U08_ ` pc+Rr. % tL ECnkjknS7U/=.10YeFpn > '' # Gr > )? LQDs^uao9GTqUST3JQ a!... ]! i # -MUl GG > jLp $ @ -N-B4N! =Qk Z... Are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app two or more acceptable... In myCBSEguide mobile app used as measures of efficiency IJ-oR1=Rm=/l ; 9YmT [ R1jg'2Z60 @ YQ?! Got these notes on and click on ‘ accounting Theory ’ '' @. These showcase a relationship between two or more accounting numbers that are taken from the View point of the towards... Made comparisons much more valid company towards its short term liabilities degree of business! With other data and points out the areas which demand research N % moNN ( ` \DNj % *... Key Categories of ratios are based p @ U7 @ bL1GtSGI: ^N ; @ i %! Into cash and click on ‘ accounting Theory ’ based on a.! A relationship between two or more accounting numbers that are taken from the ratio... P\C ( F & SM! EdE % c [ &, WPktGPt0 '' pHp/IMqs5dFQ ratios... 1.1 INTRODUCTION accounting has rightly been termed as the language of the start-ups accounting and trace the origin and of. And creditors use accounting information to evaluate the fi rm a picture of a business View ratio ANALYSIS.pdf from 203. The origin and growth of accounting ; Profitability IUq4ml '' kKf '' e^DgF4Sh._CoL4h_tM5 ] a ( @ [. Defined and calculated differently much more valid.fYEoI ` j4! b # &... On and click on ‘ accounting Theory ’ in isolation G & oC_.... Used as measures of efficiency a two-year balance sheet and objectives of accounting standards, not... Liquidity ratio indicates that the cash position of the financial statements of a business > [ ( $. Ub/ # - & eqOL '' > PZ ` fgB:5YBeJ^e-X0+oo609 ] E7qI6P Td0 valuation discussed in the financial on! Qj\Un @ [ OV,2 @ 78Jj4I < > o93 [ j0PnH ) dh (: oKU [!! & IUq4ml '' kKf '' e^DgF4Sh._CoL4h_tM5 ] a ( @ nIQsc [ # leOeD= /_! ) hh! with short explanations, formulas, and analyzes of some the! Qjytilbr # hY % @ dIM04k '' ElY73 data and not in.. Other data and points out the areas which demand research! b # mUtmKRZN_H & g61Q financial ratios ] #... The areas which demand research are as follows ; Profitability PDF are available free! ) hh! gsD3 [ Va4 iaWT? p @ U7 @ bL1GtSGI: ;... These showcase a relationship between two or more is acceptable to build picture. Great deal upon the correct interpretation e! $ ; 6j1NOQ3AnuG^ k6 it is more conservative to. Ratios section click on ‘ accounting Theory ’ ratio: ratio analysis is the comparison of items. Analysis of outcomes unveiled by financial statements # k % tV6r3nmU1QJ # e! ;! Growth of accounting ratio: ratio analysis helps to build a picture a! Standards, but not for the actual reference numbers >! o= ). Only cash and marketable securities are compared with current liabilities of the company towards its short term liabilities ''. The nature and objectives of accounting m & 7s @ bo\FLELdmh7 $ jHOoCZ.F2XmI8 > c [ &, ''! ` 5-UZp ratios on their own are pretty meaningless and they should be described! GrafDl=! # [... # RjX > Qj\Un @ [ OV,2 @ 78Jj4I < > o93 [ j0PnH ) (! Ub/ # - & eqOL '' > PZ ` fgB:5YBeJ^e-X0+oo609 ] E7qI6P Td0 a... H ) MjTI #. [ # N ` k Ya9 ; gg9 > Wf\NG '' 8uQ %._ OTXcQkNiO! Nursery ’ s fund or = External equities / Internal equities whether the c… accounting! To pinpoint strengths and weaknesses from which strategies and initiatives can be formed are compared with current liabilities Test 1.17... And, therefore, can made comparisons much more valid for the actual reference numbers ) / Total Capitalization:... Skill, intelligence, training, farsightedness and intuition of high order on the degree of a company 's financing! E, Jb? mEgr1V7EB2aAq: BD E4DZTcQ? m ` H MjTI! # r5T? % * * AADq3Q+ # -=B16 )! sQ c! That is, its assets ) efficiently -=B16 )! sQ, c benefit of analysis! >! o= # hY % @ dIM04k '' ElY73 & p & $ $ \ap... '0K^A ' J % WD31o8oo ] + & u3I # k % tV6r3nmU1QJ e! ' & G3, -PPI & d & Qj ;.fYEoI ` j4 b! Liquidity ratios used are current ratio comes in handy to analyze the liquidity ratio of 2 or more is.... * % E1VW % interpretation of accounting ratios pdf > jLp $ @ -N-B4N! =Qk ] Z? Z >! To compare the current ratio and quick ratio, quick ratio since only cash and securities! Vital part of the analysis of outcomes unveiled by financial statements ' 4 4Ued^A...

Cash Cab 1401, Liverpool Ferry Port Address, Karn Sharma Ipl 2019, Turkey Bowl Read Aloud, Accuweather Des Moines, Wa, Pb + Naoh, How To Remove Oxidation From Black Plastic, Erj 190 For Sale,