He was graceful and elegant, with intensely black eyes and thick eyelashes. In c.610 in Mecca Muhammad received the first of a series of revelations which, as the Koran, became the doctrinal and legislative basis of Islam. The name may be abbreviated to Md., Mohd., Muhd., Mhd., or simply M. because of its utmost meaning, its popularity has meant that it can become hard to distinguish people when there is a multitude with the same name. The name has one of the highest numbers of English spelling variants in the world. Husayn, M.J. Muhammad evaded them by taking a more difficult route, enabling his followers to reach al-Hudaybiyya just outside Mecca. Mahomet was the predominant form until the late 1700s. 916–18. Commenting on the vulnerability of women in his society, Muhammad asked his male followers to "be good to women, for they are powerless captives (awan) in your households. Translation of '[محمد (ص) [وحشنا | Muhammad (Pbuh) [Waheshna]' by Maher Zain from Arabic to English Deutsch English Español Français Hungarian Italiano Nederlands Polski Português (Brasil) Română Svenska Türkçe Ελληνικά Български Русский Српски العربية فارسی 日本語 한국어 [264] When Muslims say or write the name of Muhammad, they usually follow it with the Arabic phrase ṣallā llahu ʿalayhi wa-sallam (may God honor him and grant him peace) or the English phrase peace be upon him. However, almost all Muslims managed to leave. [265] In casual writing, the abbreviations SAW (for the Arabic phrase) or PBUH (for the English phrase) are sometimes used; in printed matter, a small calligraphic rendition is commonly used (ﷺ). He asked for a cloth and laid the Black Stone in its center. See more. He has friends surrounding him, who listen to his words. [268][269] Muslims generally avoid depictions of Muhammad, and mosques are decorated with calligraphy and Quranic inscriptions or geometrical designs, not images or sculptures. [115], In March 624, Muhammad led some three hundred warriors in a raid on a Meccan merchant caravan. "[208] Bernard Lewis says there are two important political traditions in Islam—Muhammad as a statesman in Medina, and Muhammad as a rebel in Mecca. [9][16][64] His reputation attracted a proposal in 595 from Khadijah, a successful businesswoman. They numbered 600 or 700—the largest estimate says they were between 800 and 900. [165], The truce of Hudaybiyyah was enforced for two years. Muhammad adjusted to the new direction, and his companions praying with him followed his lead, beginning the tradition of facing Mecca during prayer. [296][297] Alford T. Welch holds that Muhammad was able to be so influential and successful because of his firm belief in his vocation. [11], In 2009 Mohamed, the most common spelling variant, was ranked 430th in the US. When he was 40, Muhammad reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave[8][9] and receiving his first revelation from God. They indicate that both Jews and Christians saw Muhammad as a false prophet. [209][210] For example, according to Lewis, Islam "from the first denounced aristocratic privilege, rejected hierarchy, and adopted a formula of the career open to the talents".[which? These are honorific titles in Arabic, sharif meaning 'noble' and sayed or sayyid meaning 'lord' or 'sir'. [152], In the siege of Medina, the Meccans exerted the available strength to destroy the Muslim community. [158][160] The main points of the treaty included: cessation of hostilities, the deferral of Muhammad's pilgrimage to the following year, and agreement to send back any Meccan who emigrated to Medina without permission from their protector. According to Ibn Ishaq, this was influenced by the conversion of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh (a prominent Medinan leader) to Islam. To maintain economic prosperity, the Meccans needed to restore their prestige, which had been reduced at Badr. In the legal group, traditions could have been subject to invention while historic events, aside from exceptional cases, may have been only subject to "tendential shaping". Many details of major Islamic rituals such as daily prayers, the fasting and the annual pilgrimage are only found in the Sunnah and not the Quran.[262]. 5). He was from afar the most beautiful of men and the most glorious, and close up he was the sweetest and the loveliest. He is also said to have had accustomed his wives to dialogue; he listened to their advice, and the wives debated and even argued with him. Economic reforms addressed the plight of the poor, which was becoming an issue in pre-Islamic Mecca. No agreement was reached after prolonged negotiations, partly due to sabotage attempts by Muhammad's scouts. The Sunnah contributed much to the development of Islamic law, particularly from the end of the first Islamic century. [71] He also feared that others would dismiss his claims as being possessed. [109] By 622, Muhammad emigrated to Medina, a large agricultural oasis. His speech was a string of cascading pearls, measured so that none despaired of its length, and no eye challenged him because of brevity. At the journey's beginning, the Isra, he is said to have traveled from Mecca on a winged steed to "the farthest mosque." [10], In May 2006, it was reported that statistics indicate that some 8,928 Danish Muslims carry the name Muhammad and that in 2004 alone, 167 new-born babies were registered. I saw a man, pure and clean, with a handsome face and a fine figure. They were brought out to him in groups. Definition and synonyms of Muhammad from the online English dictionary from Macmillan Education. 1955) The Life of Muhammad. With minimal casualties, Muhammad seized control of Mecca. [282], According to Hossein Nasr, the earliest European literature often refers to Muhammad unfavorably. [154][229][231][232][233][234][235][236][237] She was therefore a virgin at marriage. (In Persian and Arabic)", https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494, "Why Islam does (not) ban images of the Prophet", "Between Logos (Kalima) and Light (Nur): Representations of the Muslim Prophet Muhammad in Islamic Painting", "When Nubuvvat encounters Valayat: Safavid painting of the "Prophet" Mohammad's Mi'raj, c. 1500–50", "Persian illustrated lithographed books on the miʻrāj: improving children's Shi'i beliefs in the Qajar period", "A Baháʼí Approach to the Claim of Finality in Islam", the Koran appropriated Biblical accounts and personages, Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said's Orientalism, The Legacy of Islamic Antisemitism: From Sacred Texts to Solemn History, "The Critics of Islam Were Right: An Apology to Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Sam Harris, Bill Maher and Other So-Called Islamophobes", "Ayaan Hirsi Ali: Islam's most devastating critic", Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Turkish Art, International Journal of Middle East Studies, https://archive.org/details/berkshireencyclo0004unse_k2y1, https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2, https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780198602231, ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad), List of newspapers that reprinted the cartoons, Islamist demonstration outside Danish Embassy in London in 2006, Manifesto: Together Facing the New Totalitarianism, Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad&oldid=992611382, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2014, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2014, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2009, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2014, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Important dates and locations in the life of Muhammad, Possible date of birth: 12 or 17 Rabi al Awal: in, Begins spreading message of Islam publicly to all Meccans, The year of sorrows: Khadija (his wife) and, The Meccan tribe of Quraysh and the Muslim community in Medina signed a 10-year truce called the, Important events in the life of Muhammad from 622 to 632. At about the same time Muhammad contracted an engagement with 'A'ishah, the six-year-old daughter of Abu Bakr, and married her shortly after his arrival at Medina. The Shahadah is the basic creed or tenet of Islam. [200] Similar events took place in 1925, when the Saudi militias retook—and this time managed to keep—the city. hold that the Isra and Mi'raj journey traveled through the heavens from the sacred enclosure at Mecca to the celestial al-Baytu l-Maʿmur (heavenly prototype of the Kaaba); later traditions indicate Muhammad's journey as having been from Mecca to Jerusalem. [31], Other important sources include the hadith collections, accounts of the verbal and physical teachings and traditions of Muhammad. [275] Influenced by the Buddhist tradition of representational religious art predating the Mongol elite's conversion, this innovation was unprecedented in the Islamic world, and accompanied by a "broader shift in Islamic artistic culture away from abstraction toward representation" in "mosques, on tapestries, silks, ceramics, and in glass and metalwork" besides books. [117] Though outnumbered more than three to one, the Muslims won the battle, killing at least forty-five Meccans with fourteen Muslims dead. In company he is like a branch between two other branches, but he is the most flourishing of the three in appearance, and the loveliest in power. [16], The Meccans were eager to avenge their defeat. Whenever alliances against Medina were formed, he sent out expeditions to break them up. Muhammad's attempts to prevent a confederation against him were unsuccessful, though he was able to increase his own forces and stopped many potential tribes from joining his enemies. We not only provide English meaning of مُحَمّد ﷺ but also give extensive definition in English language. The Shahadah is the basic creed or tenet of Islam. At the age of six, Muhammad lost his biological mother Amina to illness and became an orphan. [6] Based on statistics for the 100 most popular boys' names in England and Wales, the combined count for Muhammad and Mohammed (6233) was higher than Oliver and Olly (6049), but lower than the combined count for Harry and Henry (7684). The name was borne by the prophet Muhammad (570-632), the founder of Islam. The clan leaders held the corners of the cloth and together carried the Black Stone to the right spot, then Muhammad laid the stone, satisfying the honor of all. [290], Ian Almond says that German Romantic writers generally held positive views of Muhammad: "Goethe’s 'extraordinary' poet-prophet, Herder’s nation builder (...) Schlegel’s admiration for Islam as an aesthetic product, enviably authentic, radiantly holistic, played such a central role in his view of Mohammed as an exemplary world-fashioner that he even used it as a scale of judgement for the classical (the dithyramb, we are told, has to radiate pure beauty if it is to resemble 'a Koran of poetry'). "An Islamic Perspective on Domestic Violence". [17], Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East: Asma Afsaruddin, A. H. Mathias Zahniser - 1997 p 389, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Indonesia, "Most popular baby names: The top 20 boys and girls names in England and Wales", "Muhammad, prophet of Islam. This event, the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri Calendar. You can also find multiple synonyms or similar words along with Muhammad. [158], Negotiations commenced with emissaries traveling to and from Mecca. [246], Nine of Muhammad's wives survived him. "[285] Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in his Social Contract (1762), "brushing aside hostile legends of Muhammad as a trickster and impostor, presents him as a sage legislator who wisely fused religious and political powers. "The Prophet Muhammad: A Model of Monotheistic Reform for Nineteenth-Century Ashkenaz.". [58] Muhammad stayed with his foster-mother, Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb, and her husband until he was two years old. [44], The second half of the sixth century was a period of political disorder in Arabia and communication routes were no longer secure. [154], Muhammad's descendants through Fatimah are known as sharifs, syeds or sayyids. [132][133] Although the Muslim army had the advantage in early encounters, lack of discipline on the part of strategically placed archers led to a Muslim defeat; 75 Muslims were killed, including Hamza, Muhammad's uncle who became one of the best known martyrs in the Muslim tradition. He began to teach in Mecca in 610 but persecution forced him to flee with his followers to Medina in 622. She and muhammad were married in Louisville in after she earned her MBA: 6. Most of his early life was spent as a merchant. [142], With the help of the exiled Banu Nadir, the Quraysh military leader Abu Sufyan mustered a force of 10,000 men. [161] It was later that Muhammad's followers realized the benefit behind the treaty. As Muhammad's only descendants, they are respected by both Sunni and Shi'a, though the Shi'a place much more emphasis and value on their distinction. His beard was thick, and his eyebrows were finely arched and joined together. Muhammad eventually conceded to the younger Muslims and readied the Muslim force for battle. Muhammad retracted the verses the next day at the behest of Gabriel, claiming that the verses were whispered by the devil himself. Every Muslim proclaims in Shahadah: "I testify that there is no god but God, and I testify that Muhammad is a Messenger of God." The lucky number of Muhammad Taqqee name is 8 and also find similar names. [267], In line with the hadith's prohibition against creating images of sentient living beings, which is particularly strictly observed with respect to God and Muhammad, Islamic religious art is focused on the word. [65][66], Muhammad began to pray alone in a cave named Hira on Mount Jabal al-Nour, near Mecca for several weeks every year. He was responding [not only]... to the religious and intellectual aspects of the situation but also to the economic, social, and political pressures to which contemporary Mecca was subject. Nemoy is sourcing Ahmad's, Kister, "The Massacre of the Banu Quraiza", Harold Wayne Ballard, Donald N. Penny, W. Glenn Jonas (2002), p. 163, Ibn Ishaq (translated by Guillaume, A. He refused both of these offers. [186], A few months after the farewell pilgrimage, Muhammad fell ill and suffered for several days with fever, head pain, and weakness. [199] Adherents to Wahhabism, Saud's followers, destroyed nearly every tomb dome in Medina in order to prevent their veneration,[199] and the one of Muhammad is reported to have narrowly escaped. The outbreak of the latter was deferred by the fact that the hatred of the prophet was turned more forcibly in another direction, namely, against the people of Mecca, whose earlier refusal of Islam and whose attitude toward the community appeared to him at Medina as a personal insult which constituted a sufficient cause for war. Al-Ashraf went to Mecca and wrote poems that roused the Meccans' grief, anger and desire for revenge after the Battle of Badr. [37] Indigenous Arabs were either nomadic or sedentary. [144] The Quran discusses this battle in sura Al-Ahzab, in verses 33:9–27. Similarly, since 2008 it has been the most popular baby boy name in Brussels and Antwerp, Belgium's most Muslim-populated cities. He was bulky. [157] Upon hearing of the approaching 1,400 Muslims, the Quraysh dispatched 200 cavalry to halt them. Muhammad definition in English dictionary, Muhammad meaning, synonyms, see also 'Muhammad Ali',Zahir-ud-din Muhammad',Muhammadan',Muhammedan'. [272] Illustrated accounts of the night journey (mi'raj) were particularly popular from the Ilkhanid period through the Safavid era. When they arrived Gabriel had informed Muhammad that the two verses were not part of the revelation, but had been inserted by Satan. Furthermore, in the lands that would be conquered by Muslims many Christians (Nestorians, Monophysites, Jacobites and Copts) were disaffected from the Eastern Orthodox Church which deemed them heretics. Muhammad's life is traditionally defined into two periods: pre-hijra (emigration) in Mecca (from 570 to 622), and post-hijra in Medina (from 622 until 632). Muhammad was middle-sized, did not have lank or crisp hair, was not fat, had a white circular face, wide black eyes, and long eye-lashes. 'A'ishah was the only one of his wives who had not been previously married; and she remained his favorite to the end. [295] Watt and Bernard Lewis argue that viewing Muhammad as a self-seeking impostor makes it impossible to understand Islam's development. [128] Following the Battle of Badr, Muhammad also made mutual-aid alliances with a number of Bedouin tribes to protect his community from attacks from the northern part of Hejaz. [20] The Quran also addresses Muhammad in the second person by various appellations; prophet, messenger, servant of God ('abd), announcer (bashir),[Quran 2:119] witness (shahid),[Quran 33:45] bearer of good tidings (mubashshir), warner (nathir),[Quran 11:2] reminder (mudhakkir),[Quran 88:21] one who calls [unto God] (dā'ī),[Quran 12:108] light personified (noor),[Quran 05:15] and the light-giving lamp (siraj munir). [122], The victory strengthened Muhammad's position in Medina and dispelled earlier doubts among his followers. This was possibly due to housing the Banu Nadir who were inciting hostilities against Muhammad, or to regain prestige from what appeared as the inconclusive result of the truce of Hudaybiyya. That’s all there’s to it. [48] To counter the effects of anarchy, Quraysh upheld the institution of sacred months during which all violence was forbidden, and it was possible to participate in pilgrimages and fairs without danger. For instance, he said a white has no superiority over a black, nor a black any superiority over a white except by piety and good action. God sent him (as a Messenger) when he was forty years old.
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